Sultanova A.
Doctor of Philosophy in Physics,
associate professor
Nakhchivan State University

Abstract
In recent years, the deeper study of the electrical properties of bodies by modern physical methods has created new correct ideas about the distribution, release and movement of electrons in solid and liquid bodies. The ability to control the concentration, lifetime, mobility, and motion of free electrons (as well as holes) in a group of solids has made it possible to appropriately change the electrical properties of those bodies as required by technology. This raises electrical engineering to a new stage of development.It is enough to note that semiconductors can be called the armory of modern electrical engineering, as well as their role in the creation of new scientific and technical fields. By means of semiconductors, an alternating electric current is rectified, a weak current is amplified, the energy of heat, ordinary and radioactive rays is converted into electricity, nuclear particles are counted, a weak electron stream is multiplied, sound energy is converted into electricity and vice versa, cooling is achieved with electricity, catalysis is carried out in a number of chemical reactions, electricity current and voltage are regulated in the lines, complex processes are automated, ferromagnetic metals are replaced in a number of places, etc.Based on a number of experiments, modern physics confirms that the atom is a complex electrical system consisting of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons. Electrons move in complex orbits around the nucleusFor semiconductor rectifiers, especially for special selenium rectifiers, the study of thermal conductivity is as important as electrical conductivity. In selenium rectifiers, a small amount of chlorine, bromine or iodine additives are added to the semiconductor in order to reduce the rectification resistance. 

Keywords: selenium, radioactive, electrode, ferromagnet, voltage