Ismayilova Z.
Lecturer of the Nakhchivan State University
Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan

Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds, constituting natural entities, wield substantive efficacy in treating diverse maladies. Notably, these compounds, as present in plants, manifest a non-toxic profile, endowing phytoextracts with discernible biological properties. Common dietary constituents, rich in polyphenols, exhibit noteworthy antiseptic and antioxidant attributes, conferring consequential health benefits. Particularly, the application of fig milk emerges as a potent remedy for cutaneous afflictions such as papillomas and warts, demonstrating exceptional effectiveness. Further, the antioxidant-rich nature of olives, apples, peanuts, and red grape skins underscores their role in averting the formation of deleterious free radicals. The incorporation of such elements in daily dietary practices holds promise in mitigating the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. This discourse accentuates the pivotal role of polyphenolic compounds derived from diverse botanical sources, providing a scholarly perspective on their therapeutic potential and affirming their relevance in the broader context of health and wellness.

Keywords: Polyphenols, Papilloma, Antioxidant, Antiseptic, Anti-İnflammatory.

Solovev М.
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies – Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky Ministry of Defense of Russia, 143420, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Novy village, ter. 3 TsVKG named after. A.A. Vishnevskogo, 1

Gulyaev N.
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies – Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky Ministry of Defense of Russia, 143420, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Novy village, ter. 3 TsVKG named after. A.A. Vishnevskogo, 1

Kotlovskaya L.
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies – Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky Ministry of Defense of Russia, 143420, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Novy village, ter. 3 TsVKG named after. A.A. Vishnevskogo, 1

Udut V.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine named after. E.D. Goldberg, 634028, Tomsk, Lenin Ave. 3.

Abstract
Data are presented on the nuances of the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of Apixaban and its pharmacodynamics in healthy individuals, where, as a control for the anticoagulant effects of the drug, a global method was used – low-frequency piezothromboelastography (LFPTEG), and the pharmacokinetics were assessed by a validated HPLC-MS/MS technique. With a single use of Apixaban at a dose of 5 mg, its maximum concentration was determined at the 4th hour after administration (130 [117;144] ng/ml) with a rapid peak rise from zero to 97 [86;105] ng/ml in the first hour of observation . After reaching the maximum concentration of the drug, there is a fairly smooth decrease: from 120 [108;130] ng/ml on the 6th, to 97 [88;107] ng/ml on the 10th hour of observation, after 84 [75;93] ] ng/ml at the 12th hour and up to 19 [17;22] ng/ml at the 24th hour. Initially, all analyzed characteristics of LFPTEG were within the reference values. 2 hours after taking apixaban at its concentration within 110 [99;121] ng/ml, according to the results of LFPTEG, a tendency towards chronometric and structural hypocoagulation is formed. At the 3rd hour of observation, with an apixaban concentration within 123 [110;135] ng/ml, a hypocoagulation shift in the hemostatic potential was formed according to a statistically significant increase in the time to reach the “gelation” point and a decrease in the thrombin activity constant in relation to those assessed at baseline (p≤0.05). The maximum manifestations of hypocoagulation (statistically significant increase in the “gelation” time with a decrease in the maximum amplitude, thrombin activity constant and coagulation drive index p≤0.05) were detected at the 4th hour of monitoring, where the maximum concentration of the drug was determined. At the 6th hour, LFPTEG revealed moderate structural hypocoagulation, which by the 10th hour of observation, based on the severity of the manifestations, was determined only as a trend. And at the 12th hour there is an increase in thrombin activity and a reduction in the “gelation” time in relation to the initial data. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to use LFPTEG technology to monitor the pharmacodynamics of Apixaban, which in healthy individuals is possible in the range of working plasma concentrations of the drug from ~110 ng/ml and above.

Keywords: low-frequency piezothromboelastography, hemostatic potential, antithrombotic therapy, personification, apixaban, NOAC.

Arben Gjonej
Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Center Tirana, Albania

Risida Gjonej
Faculty of Technical Medical Science Tirana, Albania

Edvin Selmani
University of Medicine Tirana, Albania

Abstract
The clavicle fractures are very common especially at young ages. Mostly, fractures occur in 1/3 of the middle of the clavicle and are common in men. The risk factors that affect these fractures are different in different age groups.

Aim
The aim of this study is to find out the incidence of clavicle fracture in the service of Orthopedics and Traumatology Tirana, Albania as well as the evaluation and implementation of orthopedic plaster technician procedures in the treatment of these fractures

Material & Methodology
This study is retrospective type. The information was collected from the Department of Plaster at Orthopedics- Traumatology service in Hospital University of Trauma from January 2016 to December 2017. The study excluded cases that required surgical intervention. For the data analysis is used the statistical package 20.0. The categorical variables are expressed by frequency and percentage. Is evaluated as significant the p value < 0.05.

Results
From 2016 to 2017 there are 167 cases with clavicle fracture most common in men. The most common age group is 15-25 years old with 69 cases for both genders, followed by age group 26-50 years old with 42 cases. By conservative treatment there are 133 happy patients compare with 34 cases (20.4%) which are dissatisfied by this treatment.

 Keywords: clavicle fracture, fracture risk factors, clinical diagnosis, x-ray, conservative treatment.

Lazarov G.
Department Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Hospital in Obstetrics and Gynecology „St.Sofia“, Аndrological office, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Introduction
This study aimed to correlate the testicular volume, ultrasound imaging, and blood flow parameters, determined using color Doppler ultrasonography in young men with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period.

Material and methods
From January 2013 and December 2019, we examined 73 men aged 37 to 45 years with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period and а 20 age-matched men with a testosterone level above the average values of the standard. We use color Doppler ultrasound as a method to evaluate the volume, ultrasound imaging and Doppler parameters of the testicular blood flow. 

Results
We obtained significantly lower but still within the reference range values for total testosterone (p<0.001), compared to those of the control group. We found no differences in the ultrasound characteristics of the testicular parenchyma and significant differences between testicular volumes in patients with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period and those in the control group. In the color Doppler ultrasound we recorded fluctuations only in the blood flow of a aa.intratesticularis, expressed in a slight increase in the resistance index.

Conclusions
Ultrasonography of young men with a serum T level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period found no reduction in testicular volume and no change in the ultrasound characteristic of the parenchyma, which suggests to us that this is not a congenital condition, but cannot answer the question of whether it will lead to structural changes in the testicles in the future and if so what. The non-significant increase in RI in the intratesticular arteries in all examined men is a non-specific indicator that directs the specialist’s attention to additional testing of total testosterone in patients with complaints from the male reproductive system.

 Keywords: Color Doppler ultrasound,  testosterone, young men