Mirzayev F.
Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, Department of ecology,
Master student;
Gandja, Ozan street, 100.

Abstract
Pesticides are substances or mixtures of substances that differ from each other in terms of their physical, chemical and other properties. Hence, they are divided into different classifications based on these characteristics. Some pesticides are also divided into different classes depending on these reasons. Currently, widely used pesticides are divided into three main classifications – according to the function of the pesticide, the pest organism it kills, and the chemical composition of the pesticide. Based on the toxicity of pesticides, the World Health Organization divides them into four classes: extremely dangerous, highly dangerous, moderately dangerous and less dangerous. Improper application of pesticides can seriously damage living organisms and the environment. Most pesticides do not differentiate between pests and other similar random life forms and kill them all.

Keywords: pesticide, pest, insecticide, organic matter, classification.

Toktar M.
Eshmanov A.
M.KOZYBAYEV NORTH KAZAKHSTAN UNIVERSITY

Abstract
One of the most pressing problems in the North Kazakhstan region is the deterioration of soil retention properties due to climatic changes, soil intolerance to dry climatic conditions and a decrease in crop productivity. In this article, to study the effect of biochar on improving the physical properties of leached chernozem soils in the North Kazakhstan region, biofertilizer biochar was introduced in different quantities. The physical properties of arable land, virgin land and soils in which biochar was introduced, used in agriculture for more than 30 years, have been studied in comparison. The dry spring climate of recent years has a significant impact on the decline in crop yields in the North Kazakhstan region.

Keywords: biochar, chernozem, soil physical properties, moisture retention, soil fertility

Koghuashvili P.
Doctor of Economics,
Professor of Georgian Technical University
Chechelashvili M.
Doctor of Economics (Ph.D.)
Associate Professor of Georgian Technical University

Abstract
The article discusses the food security of the state and its special place in the security structure. The authors note that the problem includes multi-vertical (macro economics-household-individual) and horizontal (regional-spatial) institutional-organizational and mental aspects of statehood. According to the authors, there is a high correlation between the level of stability of the state and the country’s food security; We believe that they are particularly relevant for Georgia, which is in the process of institutional reconstruction and development and also has a high vulnerability in terms of food security. The authors consider two reasons for this: on the one hand, the relatively low level of agricultural development and efficiency in Georgia and, on the other hand, the high level of dependence on imports to provide the country’s population with food.
According to the authors’ recommendation, the government of the country should confront this situation with a more targeted, effective, and, to some extent, protectionist agrarian policy, the goal of which will be the expansion of local food products, food production, the scale of the processing industry based on the use of the appropriate grain base and the latest technologies, the social and economic prestige of labor in the agricultural sector. raise. An important reserve in this direction is the country’s land fund and increasing the efficiency of its use.

 Keywords: Food security, Agro-food products, self-sufficiency, food products, dependence on imports.

Kahramanli Y.
Ibrahimov S.
Jamalova R.
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University

Abstract
Article is dedicated to the technology of obtaining organic-mineral liquid fertilizer and solid chemical meliorants from solid household waste with the presence of nitric acid.Articlebased on the data of nitric acid from solid household waste and the dynamics of decomposition with late participation, extensive information was given about the technology of making liquid fertilizers and chemical meliorants, and the technological scheme and its explanation were broadly explained based on the technological process for both experimental and production conditions. It was concluded that it is possible to buy high-quality liquid fertilizer rich in microelements and chemical ameliorant rich in organic substances based on solid household waste, late and nitric acid. According to the data obtained from the conducted agricultural tests, the purchased liquid fertilizer increases the productivity of plants, the chemical ameliorants in solid state improve the water-physical properties of the soil through the organic substances and gypsum contained in them. This has a positive effect on soil fertility indicators [1].

 Keywords: liquid fertilizer, chemical ameliorant, melioration, salinization, granulometric composition, absorbed bases.

Mirzakhodjaev B.
D.Sc., Scientific Secretary, Research Institute of Sericulture

Mirzakhodjaev A.
Ph.D, Head of the Laboratory of Mechanization, Research Institute of Sericulture

Tajenova A.
doctoral of Research Institute of Sericulture

Radjabov I.
doctoral of Research Institute of Sericulture

Abstract
Due to the global climate change and the spring frosts that have become more frequent in recent years, leading to the death of silkworm caterpillars of the first ages from lack of feed, there is an urgent need to find effective and cheap means to replace and preserve the natural food – mulberry leaf. One of the new and progressive drying methods for sericulture products is the method of sublimation dehydration in vacuum. In the laboratory of the Research Institute of Sericulture, an experimental spring feeding was carried out with a sublimated and restored mulberry leaf of the caterpillars of the silkworm of the Ipakchi 1 breed, in the amount of 200 pieces for each variant. For feeding, a mulberry leaf was used, collected before the fall of leaves in the autumn of 2022. For freeze drying of mulberry leaves, the following mode was selected: pre-freezing at t = -50 °C, then freeze drying at condenser temperature t = +40 °C, residual vacuum pressure P = 0.3 mmHg. Rehydration (hydration) and enrichment of the leaf was performed a day before feeding to caterpillars. The rehydration of the leaf was carried out in a high humidity mode. Further, the feed was enriched by introducing sucrose, ascorbic acid and potassium-phosphorus additive (K₂HPO₄) into the leaves.

When the leaf was rehydrated in a high humidity environment with the addition of K₂HPO₄ to the leaf, the viability of the caterpillars was 75%, and the duration of feeding was on average 12 days.

Sublimation drying of the leaf and its subsequent rehydration in a high humidity environment and enrichment of the dried leaf can be used to expand the forage base of sericulture, as well as to create artificial food recipes based on mulberry leaf.

 Keywords: silkworm caterpillars (bombyx mori L), mulberry leaves, freeze drying, rehydration, enrichment, feeding.

Mamedov M.
Head of of Breeding, Processing, Production And Marketing Department
Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Goygol, Azerbaijan

Ibragimova A.
Specialist of Breeding, Processing, Production And Marketing Department
Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Goygol, Azerbaijan

Azizova A.
Technician of Processing And Production Of Livestock Products Laboratory
Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Goygol, Azerbaijan

Najafova T.
Laboratory assistant of Processing And Production Of Livestock Products Laboratory
Scientific Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Goygol, Azerbaijan

Abstract
In the article, as a result of the conducted scientific research, the development dynamics and productivity indicators of local and foreign sheep breeds and crossbred lambs obtained from them in the western region of the Republic of Azerbaijan are given. For this purpose, crossbred lambs with semi-fine wool (crossbred) were obtained by crossing local fat tail coarse and semi-coarse-wool sheep with fine-wool breeders. Since imported sheep breeds are difficult to adapt to local conditions, crossbreeding was carried out by crossing them with local sheep breeders.

 Keywords: breeds of sheep, male lamb, female lamb, hybrid, live mass, fine-wool, coarse-wool.