Aliyev M.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine
Department of Terapeutik Dentistry Assistant

Zeynalov H.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine,assistent

Aliyev T.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine,assistant
Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Azerbaijan Medical University

Abstract
Despite the high level of instrumental provision in therapeutic dental procedures, which allows the use of modern technologies, a wide selection of filling materials, complications during endodontic dental treatment are not uncommon [1–3].

Noteworthy is not only the number of complications, but also a fairly frequent increase in the frequency of severe consequences of treatment, which lead to irreversible changes in the tissues of the maxillofacial area and disturbances in their function [4].

 Keywords: filled dental canals, periodontal condition of the treated tooth, evaluation of endodontic treatment.

Ismayilova Z.
Lecturer of the Nakhchivan State University
Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan

Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds, constituting natural entities, wield substantive efficacy in treating diverse maladies. Notably, these compounds, as present in plants, manifest a non-toxic profile, endowing phytoextracts with discernible biological properties. Common dietary constituents, rich in polyphenols, exhibit noteworthy antiseptic and antioxidant attributes, conferring consequential health benefits. Particularly, the application of fig milk emerges as a potent remedy for cutaneous afflictions such as papillomas and warts, demonstrating exceptional effectiveness. Further, the antioxidant-rich nature of olives, apples, peanuts, and red grape skins underscores their role in averting the formation of deleterious free radicals. The incorporation of such elements in daily dietary practices holds promise in mitigating the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. This discourse accentuates the pivotal role of polyphenolic compounds derived from diverse botanical sources, providing a scholarly perspective on their therapeutic potential and affirming their relevance in the broader context of health and wellness.

Keywords: Polyphenols, Papilloma, Antioxidant, Antiseptic, Anti-İnflammatory.

Solovev М.
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies – Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky Ministry of Defense of Russia, 143420, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Novy village, ter. 3 TsVKG named after. A.A. Vishnevskogo, 1

Gulyaev N.
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies – Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky Ministry of Defense of Russia, 143420, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Novy village, ter. 3 TsVKG named after. A.A. Vishnevskogo, 1

Kotlovskaya L.
Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical Research Center for High Medical Technologies – Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky Ministry of Defense of Russia, 143420, Moscow region, Krasnogorsk, Novy village, ter. 3 TsVKG named after. A.A. Vishnevskogo, 1

Udut V.
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine named after. E.D. Goldberg, 634028, Tomsk, Lenin Ave. 3.

Abstract
Data are presented on the nuances of the relationship between the pharmacokinetics of Apixaban and its pharmacodynamics in healthy individuals, where, as a control for the anticoagulant effects of the drug, a global method was used – low-frequency piezothromboelastography (LFPTEG), and the pharmacokinetics were assessed by a validated HPLC-MS/MS technique. With a single use of Apixaban at a dose of 5 mg, its maximum concentration was determined at the 4th hour after administration (130 [117;144] ng/ml) with a rapid peak rise from zero to 97 [86;105] ng/ml in the first hour of observation . After reaching the maximum concentration of the drug, there is a fairly smooth decrease: from 120 [108;130] ng/ml on the 6th, to 97 [88;107] ng/ml on the 10th hour of observation, after 84 [75;93] ] ng/ml at the 12th hour and up to 19 [17;22] ng/ml at the 24th hour. Initially, all analyzed characteristics of LFPTEG were within the reference values. 2 hours after taking apixaban at its concentration within 110 [99;121] ng/ml, according to the results of LFPTEG, a tendency towards chronometric and structural hypocoagulation is formed. At the 3rd hour of observation, with an apixaban concentration within 123 [110;135] ng/ml, a hypocoagulation shift in the hemostatic potential was formed according to a statistically significant increase in the time to reach the “gelation” point and a decrease in the thrombin activity constant in relation to those assessed at baseline (p≤0.05). The maximum manifestations of hypocoagulation (statistically significant increase in the “gelation” time with a decrease in the maximum amplitude, thrombin activity constant and coagulation drive index p≤0.05) were detected at the 4th hour of monitoring, where the maximum concentration of the drug was determined. At the 6th hour, LFPTEG revealed moderate structural hypocoagulation, which by the 10th hour of observation, based on the severity of the manifestations, was determined only as a trend. And at the 12th hour there is an increase in thrombin activity and a reduction in the “gelation” time in relation to the initial data. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to use LFPTEG technology to monitor the pharmacodynamics of Apixaban, which in healthy individuals is possible in the range of working plasma concentrations of the drug from ~110 ng/ml and above.

Keywords: low-frequency piezothromboelastography, hemostatic potential, antithrombotic therapy, personification, apixaban, NOAC.

Arben Gjonej
Service of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Center Tirana, Albania

Risida Gjonej
Faculty of Technical Medical Science Tirana, Albania

Edvin Selmani
University of Medicine Tirana, Albania

Abstract
The clavicle fractures are very common especially at young ages. Mostly, fractures occur in 1/3 of the middle of the clavicle and are common in men. The risk factors that affect these fractures are different in different age groups.

Aim
The aim of this study is to find out the incidence of clavicle fracture in the service of Orthopedics and Traumatology Tirana, Albania as well as the evaluation and implementation of orthopedic plaster technician procedures in the treatment of these fractures

Material & Methodology
This study is retrospective type. The information was collected from the Department of Plaster at Orthopedics- Traumatology service in Hospital University of Trauma from January 2016 to December 2017. The study excluded cases that required surgical intervention. For the data analysis is used the statistical package 20.0. The categorical variables are expressed by frequency and percentage. Is evaluated as significant the p value < 0.05.

Results
From 2016 to 2017 there are 167 cases with clavicle fracture most common in men. The most common age group is 15-25 years old with 69 cases for both genders, followed by age group 26-50 years old with 42 cases. By conservative treatment there are 133 happy patients compare with 34 cases (20.4%) which are dissatisfied by this treatment.

 Keywords: clavicle fracture, fracture risk factors, clinical diagnosis, x-ray, conservative treatment.

Lazarov G.
Department Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Hospital in Obstetrics and Gynecology „St.Sofia“, Аndrological office, 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Introduction
This study aimed to correlate the testicular volume, ultrasound imaging, and blood flow parameters, determined using color Doppler ultrasonography in young men with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period.

Material and methods
From January 2013 and December 2019, we examined 73 men aged 37 to 45 years with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period and а 20 age-matched men with a testosterone level above the average values of the standard. We use color Doppler ultrasound as a method to evaluate the volume, ultrasound imaging and Doppler parameters of the testicular blood flow. 

Results
We obtained significantly lower but still within the reference range values for total testosterone (p<0.001), compared to those of the control group. We found no differences in the ultrasound characteristics of the testicular parenchyma and significant differences between testicular volumes in patients with a testosterone level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period and those in the control group. In the color Doppler ultrasound we recorded fluctuations only in the blood flow of a aa.intratesticularis, expressed in a slight increase in the resistance index.

Conclusions
Ultrasonography of young men with a serum T level below the average values of the standard for a prolonged period found no reduction in testicular volume and no change in the ultrasound characteristic of the parenchyma, which suggests to us that this is not a congenital condition, but cannot answer the question of whether it will lead to structural changes in the testicles in the future and if so what. The non-significant increase in RI in the intratesticular arteries in all examined men is a non-specific indicator that directs the specialist’s attention to additional testing of total testosterone in patients with complaints from the male reproductive system.

 Keywords: Color Doppler ultrasound,  testosterone, young men

Mammadova C.
Lecturer of the Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry,
Nakhchivan State University

Abstract
The common cold, an infectious ailment primarily affecting the upper respiratory tract, targets the respiratory mucosa in areas such as the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. Manifesting signs and symptoms within two days of viral exposure, the condition encompasses manifestations like coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache, and fever. Typically, recovery occurs within seven to ten days, although certain symptoms may persist for up to three weeks, with a potential for pneumonia development in individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
The common cold is attributed to over 200 virus strains, with rhinoviruses prevailing as the most common causative agents. Transmission transpires through airborne particles in close contact with infected individuals or indirect exposure to contaminated environmental surfaces, subsequently transferred to the mouth or nose. Risk factors encompass attendance at child care facilities, sleep deprivation, and psychological stress. Notably, symptoms result primarily from the immune response rather than direct viral tissue destruction. Comparatively, influenza symptoms parallel those of the common cold but are generally more severe and less prone to include nasal discharge.
With its prevalence marked by symptoms such as cough, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, sore throat, myalgia, fatigue, headache, and dyspepsia, the common cold lacks specific treatment. Although numerous alternative and Chinese herbal remedies are purported to alleviate symptoms, existing scientific evidence is insufficient to substantiate their efficacy. In this context, ethnopharmacological and ethnobotanical studies aim to identify medicinal plants employed in treating the common cold.

Keywords: Common cold, Rhinoviruses, Ethnopharmacology.

Burmistrov M.
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor,
Chief Physician for Medicine
Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry
of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

Abstract
The article presents a review of the literature, containing information on approaches to the prevention of the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma, as well as on the prognosis of this disease.

Keywords: adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, prevention of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, diagnosis and treatment of Barrett esophagus, prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.

Novruzova M.
Doctor of Philosophy in Biology, associate professor

Talibova J.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine, senior lecturer

Gasimova M.
assistant

Muradova S.
Doctor of Philosophy in Biology, senior lecturer

Suleymanova T.
Doctor of Philosophy in Biology, senior lecturer
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Azerbaijan Medical University
Azerbaijan, Baku

Abstract
The article describes the advantage of the CRISPR-Cas 9 gene editing method for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. This method uses plasmids that contain CRISPR-Cas 9 components in the form of DNA, a nuclease expression cassette, and a bay RNA cassette. The advantage of the method is that no matter how CRISPR-Cas 9 is delivered to the cell, it immediately removes some gene fragment or replaces it. And this change remains forever in the cell, and in the descendant of this cell, we hope that this method of treatment will reduce the number of deaths in cystic fibrosis.

Keywords: cystic fibrosis, CRISPR-CAS-9, gene fragment, cell, mitochondria.

Savka I.
Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Normal Anatomy.
Lviv National Medical University named Danylo Halytskyi
Lviv, Ukraine

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research links bloodstream white rat testis in normal blood supply to the testicle and ways rat in experimental diabetes. White rat testicle krovopostachayetsya testicular artery, which branches off from the abdominal aorta of, artery ejaculatory ducts and muscles lifts testicular artery. The morphological and morphometric analysis angioarchitectonics testicles allowed to estimate the state of its normal vascularization and under the conditions streptozototsynindukovanoho diabetes. The depth of the structural changes links bloodstream white rat testis diabetes correlated with morphometric parameters.

Keywords: egg, diabetes bloodstream.

Lazarov G.
MD(corresponding author): Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tzarigradsko shose Blvd., 1113 Sofia; Hospital in Obstetrics and Gynecology “St. Sofia”, Аndrological Office, 2 Mihalaki Tashev Str., 1330 Sofia, Bulgaria
ORCID ID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4302

Mladenov V.
Clinic of Urology, Medical University, UMBAL Alexandrovska, “Sv G. Sofijski” Str. №1, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria²
ORCID iD:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-8085

Abstract
Introduction
We were looking for a relationship between total prostate volume, lower urinary tract symptoms and increased values of the E2/T ratio in young men.
Materials and Methods
We have examined 73 men aged 37 to 45 with lower urinary tract symptoms and increased values of the E2/T ratio. We use an appropriate questionnaire, diagnostic ultrasound and uroflowmetry as methods to evaluate total prostate volume, residual urine, and the maximum urinary flow. We selected a control group of 20 men of similar age without lower urinary tract symptoms.
Results
In the patients with lower urinary tract symptoms, we observed, though within the reference limits, significantly decrease in the level of serum testosterone below average values for a prolonged period and increased values of the E2 and E2/T ratio, compared to those of the control group (p<0.001). We found significant differences between the studied patients and those of the control group in a number of points in the answers to the questions (p<0.001), E2/T ratio (p<0.001), total prostate volume (p<0.001) and the maximum urinary flow (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Our study shows that some young men with lower urinary tract symptoms have some reduction in normal testosterone secretion and an increase in estradiol/testosterone ratio values that are significantly different from the same values in their peers without lower urinary tract symptoms. According to our results, overweight and obesity are important, but not а necessary condition for the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms and the increase of total prostate volume.

 Keywords: LUTS, prostate volume, Е2/Т ratio, young men