Makhmudov I.
Mustafaeva S.
Mejidova H.
Agayeva G.
Department of Children’s Diseases of Azerbaijan medical university

Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the most common and life-threatening diseases in children. Pneumonia that develops at home or in the first 72 hours after hospitalization is assessed as community-acquired (home or outpatient) pneumonia (CAP).Despite the latest advances in medical science, due to high rates of morbidity and mortality from pneumonia, chronic pulmonary disease continues to be a pressing problem for pediatric pulmonologists. Although diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for pneumonia have long been developed and widely interpreted, there are still serious challenges in clinical practice, especially towards early diagnosis and rational treatment of pneumonia in outpatient settings. This article interprets some modern information about the diagnostic and therapeutic criteria for chronic disease in children, as well as prevention, as well as the results of an analysis carried out to identify errors in the diagnosis

Keywords: children, community-acquired pneumonia, clinical-diagnostic criteria, rational therapy.

Arkhmammadova G.
Department of Orthopedic Dentistry assistent
Hasanova V.
Department of Orthopedic Dentistry.Assistent
Huseynova G.
Department of Terapeutik Dentistry Assistant
Azerbaijan Medical University
Baku, Azerbaijan

Abstract
In the pathogenesis of dystrophic inflammatory processes of periodontal disease, a significant place is assigned to disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection. Therefore, it is important to find out the effectiveness of using antioxidant drugs. To determine the effectiveness of the use of coenzyme Q10 in the complex treatment of patients with generalized periodontitis.

Keywords: generalized periodontitis, treatment, coenzyme Q10

Aliyev A.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine, Associate Professor
Demirchiyeva M.
Doctor of Philosophy in Medicine, Assistent
Huseynova R.
Department of Therapeutic c Dentistry Assistent
Azerbaijan Medical University
Baku, Azerbaijan

Abstract
The effectiveness of the use of antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of generalized periodontal diseases has recently decreased due to the development of resistance of microorganisms. Photoactivated disinfection can be an effective addition to treatment and an alternative to antibacterial drugs. A system has been developed to optimize the procedure for photoactivated disinfection at the stage of professional hygiene. The technology of laser photometry for identifying microorganisms is being developed.

 Keywords: generalized periodontitis, laser technologies, periodontopathogenic microflora.

Skvortsov A.
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Chief Researcher
State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”
Khabibyanov R.
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Chief Researcher
State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”
Gilmutdinov M.
Candidate of Medical Sciences
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of
Higher Education “Kazan State Medical University”
of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Maleev M.
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Leading Researcher
State Autonomous Institution of Health “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”

Abstract
Law G.A. Ilizarov states that “the structure, shape and volume of the musculoskeletal system is determined by the load.” Accordingly, the load on the operated limb during the formation of a distraction regenerate during lengthening or healing of a bone fracture should be carried out after the end of the pain syndrome on days 4-5 after osteosynthesis. When a dosed load is applied to the limb, microcirculation of the limb is restored, the process of consolidation of fragments is optimized, in other words, dosed axial load is an important part of rehabilitation.
In addition, after application of the Ilizarov apparatus for various injuries and diseases of the lower limb (in particular, with shortening of the limb segment), a frequent complication is the development of equinus deformity of the foot. This occurs especially often when segments of the lower limb lengthen and shorten. Prevention of this type of postoperative complication is to position the patient’s foot in relation to the axis of the leg at an angle of 900 and hold it in this position for the entire period of lengthening the limb segment. The authors have developed and used in the clinic an orthopedic foot support, the purpose of which is to prevent delayed consolidation of fragments by restoring the physiological load on the operated limb and preventing the development of an equinus position of the foot.

Keywords: equinus foot deformity, prevention

Skvortsov A.
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Chief Researcher
State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”
Khabibyanov R.
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Chief Researcher
State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”
Gilmutdinov M.
Candidate of Medical Sciences
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of
Higher Education “Kazan State Medical University”
of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Maleev M.
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Leading Researcher
State Autonomous Institution of Health “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”

Abstract
Functional insufficiency of the abductor muscles of the thigh in pathology of the hip joint is manifested by the Duchenne-Trendelenburg symptom (inability to keep the pelvis from lateral tipping during a single-support period of standing). Insufficiency of the abductor muscles of the hip, which is the cause of impaired support ability and gait, occurs in various diseases of the hip joint, therefore its preoperative and postoperative determination is of great importance both in the correct choice of treatment for patients and in terms of prognosis of the adequacy of the applied treatment method. The authors proposed a method for x-ray myographic examination of muscles in patients with various diseases of the hip joint. Conducting an X-ray contrast study of the abductor muscles of the thigh allows us to obtain additional valuable information about the condition of these muscles, about changes in their shape, structure, points of attachment, degree of atrophy, which is necessary to know when planning surgical interventions in the area of ​​​​work of the muscles, and also allows for a timely course of drug treatment, electrical stimulation, physical therapy with dosed training of weakened and atrophic muscles.

Keywords: pathology of the hip joint, X-ray contrast study of the hip abductors

Skvortsov A.
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Chief Researcher
State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”
Khabibyanov R.
Doctor of Medical Sciences
Chief Researcher
State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”
Gilmutdinov M.
Candidate of Medical Sciences
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of
Higher Education “Kazan State Medical University”
of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Maleev M.
Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Leading Researcher
State Autonomous Institution of Health “Republican Clinical
Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan”

Abstract
During reconstructive and restorative operations on the hip joint for its various diseases (congenital and pathological hip dislocations, aseptic necrosis, Perthes disease, etc.), it is necessary to unload the hip joint and ensure postoperative decompression of the femoral head. For this purpose, the Ilizarov apparatus is used, consisting of a pelvic arch and a pin osteofixation system.
The main disadvantages of the proposed method of fixing the arc support in the ilium are the unstable rigidity of the support fixation, clinically manifested in its two-plane mobility, and the impossibility of giving the limb an abduction position in the hip joint, which is necessary after performing reconstructive interventions on the hip joint using the Ilizarov apparatus.
In order to eliminate this drawback, a method of applying a pelvic arc support of the Ilizarov apparatus is proposed in the treatment of diseases of the hip joint. For the purpose of osteofixation, we chose a hybrid system, which in clinical practice has shown its advantages over existing wire structures.

Keywords: hip joint, surgical treatment, external fixation device

Gromnatska N.
MD
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Lemishko B.
MD
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Belusova V.
Hospital of St.Panteleimon of the 1 Territorial Medical Association of Lviv, Ukraine
Pasichnyuk I.
PhD
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Iskiv M.
PhD
SI “Institute of Hereditary Pathology of National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
Kulya O.
PhD
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National University, Lviv, Ukraine

Diamant Shtiza
Enkelejda Shkurti
Associated Professor,University of Medicine, Public health lecturer, Department of Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Medicine,Tirana, Albania

Abstract
The diverse studies in literature concerning the consistency of urine gathered by bag method reveal opposing data. The study appraises the consistency of sterilised bag assortment in a cluster of children who had their first incident of urinary tract infection 1 to 36 months of age.
The research outcomes resulted from a multi-centre prospective randomised study. 410 patients performed 3 successive urinalysis and urine cultures. Urinalysis and urine culture development were held every month to the first 6 months; and then every additional month. The urine was gathered by antiseptic bag assortment in all children.
First urine culture indicated 376 E.Coli, only one urine culture altered from E.Coli to Proteus Mirabilis in the third urine culture. We accomplished 2385 repetitive urinalysis and urine cultures, only one impurity was constricted; 75 patients (22%) had a affirmative urine culture through the follow-up, 51 (15,4%) of them were girls. 26 (1,0%) febrile urinary tract infection were disqualified.  2243 (89%) urine cultures were negative; 33 (1,3%) contaminations; 55 (2,2%) asymptomatic bacteriuria; 26 (1,1%) lower urinary tract contamination. E.Coli was most recurrent micro-organism; it was found in 53 (49%) of all cases and in 75% of higher urinary tract infection.
A few number of infections was constricted in our enormous study, so we consider that sterile bag assortment is reliable. 

Keywords: sterile bag urine, urine culture follow-up, febrile urinary tract infection

Burmistrov M.
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor,
Chief Physician for Medicine
Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan

Abstract
The problem of modern gastroenterology is the treatment of neuromuscular diseases of the esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease on the background of hiatal hernia.

Keywords: gastroesophageal reflux disease, achalasia of the cardia, esophagocardiospasm, complications of laparoscopic antireflux operations, repeated and subsequent surgery.

Gerdzhikov I.
PhD, Chief Assistant
Department of Prosthetic dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia

Abstract
The treatment of patients with maxillary resection is most often carried out with prosthetic methods and means  the main purpose of which is the restoration of masticatory and speech function. An important role in the treatment result is played by the correct planning of the type and shape of the prosthetic construction. In cases with large maxillary defects the main problems are related to ensuring the retention and stability of the prosthesis. The research analyses the opportunities for carrying out prosthetic treatment in patients with resection of half of the maxilla with an open obturator. The results showed that the reduced volume and weight of this type of prosthesis provide the necessary retention and stability. Important advantages are also the easy placement in the defect and the shortened period of adaptation.

Keywords: maxillary resection, maxillary defect, maxillary tumor, obturator.