Zuleta Diana Patricia
Alvarado Natalia
Professor, UTE University, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Quito, Ecuador

Abstract
This scientific article represents a detailed and comparative analysis of metal and concrete structures, two key options in the field of construction. The assessment focuses on several dimensions, covering key aspects such as structural strength, durability over time, environmental sustainability, and associated costs. Data for the analysis were obtained from a wide range of real structures, from skyscrapers to bridges, providing a solid foundation for the study.
Rigorous methods were applied, including static and dynamic tests, as well as life cycle analysis to obtain accurate and meaningful results. This multidisciplinary approach allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the advantages and challenges associated with each type of construction. The conclusions drawn provide valuable guidance for engineers, architects, and decision-makers in the construction industry.

Keywords: Metal structures, concrete, construction, strength, durability.

Tsitskishvili Z.
Academically Doctor of Mathematical Sciences,Professor
Museridze R.
Academic Doctor of Construction Sciences, assistant professor.
Chkheti V.
PhD student. Georgian Technical University

Abstract
Determining the complete picture of the stress-strain state (SSS) of massive elements (bodies whose overall dimensions are of the same order) requires the use of three-dimensional models.
A special case of a massive element—a parallelepiped-shaped plate—is one of the most common objects used in technology.
A large number of works have been devoted to the problem of the equilibrium of a loaded elastic parallelepiped, but it remains relevant to the present day, since a closed solution has not yet been obtained.
Existing analytical solutions for three-dimensional problems of the theory of elasticity do not allow satisfying arbitrary boundary conditions on the faces of a parallelpiped.
In the work under consideration, for one class of boundary value problems using the method of separation of variables and double series, solutions to static boundary value problems of thermoelasticity  for a rectangular coordinate parallelepiped are constructed.

Keywords: boundary value problem of thermoelasticity, stress-strain state, isotropic plate, equilibrium equations (without taking into account body forces), Equation of state (physical law or Hooke’s law), heat equation, Sturm-Liouville problem, method of separation of variables, double series, convergence.

Gorgidze D.
Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi.
Museridze R.
PhD in Civil Engineering, ,Assistant Professor, Georgian Technical University,
Georgian Technical University,Tbilisi

Abstract
In various orthogonal curvilinear coordinate systems, general solutions to the dynamic problem of the theory of elasticity for an isotropic homogeneous body are constructed. Dynamic problems of the theory of elasticity associated with pure shear, pure torsion, plane-strain and axisymmetric stress states are considered. Solutions to some specific dynamic problems are given.

Keywords: dynamic, curvilinear, coordinate, elasticity.

Ilchuk M.
 PhD Student
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Bandery, 12, Lviv, Ukraine, 79013
Stadnyk A.
PhD Student
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Bandery, 12, Lviv, Ukraine, 79013
Prokhorenko S.
Prof., Doctor of Technical Sciences
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Bandery, 12, Lviv, Ukraine, 79013

Abstract
The integration of automated quality control technologies is nowadays a fundamental requirement for modern PCB production. This automated approach replaces manually based methods that are error-prone with fast, accurate and measurable estimates, helping to reduce the time and costs associated with traditional testing. Human inspection is less efficient, slower and overpriced than automated inspection. In this context, digital image processing, especially for the detection of defects such as faulty components or missing elements, becomes crucial. The production of printed circuit boards requires strict quality control to ensure the reliability and efficiency of electronic devices. Improving the detection and analysis of defects on printed circuit boards is as critical as ever. In addition to this, we propose the concept that combining classical computer vision techniques, such as edge detection and Kenny contour analysis, with large language models opens up innovative possibilities in defect identification.
The main function of the system is to comprehensively detect defects on printed circuit boards using automated visual inspection. It uses a digital camera to capture images of each PCB, which are then processed by a computer. This processing includes converting to greyscale and binary shapes, followed by an XOR operation to extract the necessary information. Contour analysis is then applied for classification. Incorporating language models into defect documentation and description is a significant step in automating quality control, as they can not only describe defects but also suggest corrective measures.
This system is capable of detecting various PCB defects such as missing components, incorrect polarity, open circuits and missing tracks. Its advanced fault detection and classification increase the speed and accuracy of evaluation, reducing human error, which is prevalent in quality testing, and introduces a usable fault and defect notification, detailed description and reporting system. Replacing manual testing methods with this new model significantly increases productivity.

Keywords: Image Processing, Printed Circuit Board, Defect Detection, Edge Detection, Classification system, Large language system.

Jafarov N.
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Computer Technologies of the Azerbaijan Technical University. Azerbaijan
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0667-8819

Gasumova Z.
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Information Technologies and Systems, Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction. Azerbaijan
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3791-1890

Abstract
The article is devoted to the assessment of the quality of service using the RPS-2 system for planning mobile networks. First, a brief information is given about the modeling of radio communication systems and the main problems that exist in the modeling of radio networks are commented on. A summary of the most frequently used software products is provided that implement optimal placement of transmitters, correct determination of their composition and determination of operating modes of transmitting equipment in order to ensure maximum service area and increase the bandwidth of the radio network. The technology of designing and planning mobile communication systems is interpreted.

Importance is attached to the implementation of the widely used RPS-2 software package for planning and effective evaluation of the radio network. To do this, the following issues are considered: the effectiveness of using the RPS-2 package; modeling of communication systems in RPS; how to work with RPS; hardware databases (antenna database; transceiver database) supported by RPS, and based on all this, reports on the assessment of the quality of mobile network planning are made.

Keywords: RPS; radio network; cellular network; antenna database; transceiver; digital map; base station.

Ahmadova A.
Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry
Doctor of Philosophy in Economics, Associate Professor:
ORCID: 0000-0001-8384-8493

Muradova J.
PhD candidate in Economics, Assistant :
ORCID:0000-0002-5808-2016

Ibrahimov S.
Entrepreneur and inventor, CEO Founder of Ilk Mobilya Inc:
ORCID 0009-0004-5970-6494

Abstract
The article explores various types of alternative energy sources, examining the positive and negative aspects of their use. It also identifies key trends in the creation and utilization of alternative energy sources. The evolution of alternative energy sources is presented, highlighting leading countries in alternative energy production and reviewing regional production aspects. The study draws conclusions on the necessity of innovative economic tools stimulating the creation and use of non-traditional energy sources that replace conventional fuels. The role of utilizing alternative energy sources in the era of digitization is also discussed.

Keywords: alternative energy sources, innovative potential, non-traditional energy sources, energy carriers, digitization.

Sabir Hasanov Tehrankhan oglu
Doctor of Technical Sciences. Envy of the department.
Amelioration Scientific-Research Institute. Baku

Shafag Gudratzade Vagif kyzy
Ph.D., student. Assistant
Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University. Baku

Abstract
The article is devoted to the structural characteristics, principles of operation, and shortcomings of devices used to restore river channels that have lost their natural stability. It was determined that, the constructions of known sewage treatment plants are complex and their construction requires a large amount of construction materials, funds, and labor. Considering this, a drainage amelioration device called a light structure bottom net was developed. The proposed installation consists of a reinforced steel grid, tensioned steel cables, small pile supports, and connecting fastening elements. The article also proposed a calculation method for determining the recovery period of the damaged duct. It was determined that, flood flows play a very large role in the process of rehabilitation. Thus, it is possible to restore the river channel with a length of 4500 m, a width of 30 m, and a deformation depth of 9 m due to the bottom net within 7 hours due to the flood. However, in the normal case, that is, in the absence of flood flow, it takes 37.1 years to restore the channel.

Keywords: river, course, restoration, installation, bottom net, bringing, durability, duration.

Sytnykov P.
Postgraduate Student at the Department of Welding of the National Technical University
«Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», 2 Kyrpychova str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine

Abstract
The structural-phase state and mechanical properties of plasma coatings sprayed with a composite material based on a self-fluxing alloy of the PG-10N-01 NiCrBSi system modified with a composite material obtained using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis were studied.

Keywords: Spraying, plasma coating, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, composite material, structure, phase composition, microhardness, wear resistance.

Shogenov A.
Lead Developer,
Group of companies «Innotech»,
expert in software development,
Moscow, Russia

Abstract

At present, the loading speed of websites plays a pivotal role for users who expect instant results. More than half of the visitors close a web page if it takes longer than three seconds to load. This negatively impacts the user experience and leads to a decrease in a site’s positions in search engine results. In this article, we will explore the significance of rapid website loading for users and search engines, present key optimization methods, and assess the impact of loading speed on conversion and search engine rankings. We will also discuss the factors influencing site loading speed and provide approaches to enhance loading speed and improve the user experience.

Keywords: website loading speed, conversion, indexing, ranking, website optimization, website performance.

Zholmuratova G.

Kapsalyamov B.

Berdesheva G.

Kystaubaeva Z.

Abstract
This research has focused on the assessment of water quality in the Illek River basin, a transboundary water resource shared between Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The study highlights the significant pollution caused by industrial emissions, municipal sewage, and other factors, particularly with regards to the presence of boron and hexavalent chromium in the water. The environmental consequences of this pollution have been found to adversely affect both the natural environment and human health.
Effective measures for water purification and ecosystem restoration have shown promise, yet further efforts are required to ensure long-term sustainability and minimize cross-border impact. A sustainable water resource management strategy should encompass preventative measures to curtail ongoing pollution and optimize the use of water resources for agricultural and potable water supply.
Collaboration among diverse stakeholders, including governmental bodies, industrial enterprises, and civil society organizations, is paramount for the successful implementation of water resource recovery and management initiatives. Furthermore, long-term sustainable development strategies are crucial to safeguard water resources and protect the environment for future generations.
In conclusion, it is imperative to undertake comprehensive actions to rehabilitate and safeguard water resources within the Illek River basin.